a, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)^2=\overrightarrow{BC}^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow AC^2+AB^2-2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=BC^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB^2+AC^2-BC^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2}=\dfrac{5^2+8^2-7^2}{2}=20\)

b, \(2\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=CA^2+CB^2-BC^2=CA^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\dfrac{CA^2}{2}=\dfrac{8^2}{2}=32\)

Lời giải:

a) 

\(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\Rightarrow (\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB})^2=\overrightarrow{BC}^2\Leftrightarrow AB^2+AC^2-2\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}=BC^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB^2+AC^2-BC^2\) (đpcm)

Ta có:

\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2}=\frac{5^2+8^2-7^2}{2}=20\)

\(\cos \angle A=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}}{|\overrightarrow{AB}|.|\overrightarrow{AC}|}=\frac{20}{5.8}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow \angle A=60^0\)

b) 

Tương tự phần a, \(\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\frac{CA^2+CB^2-AB^2}{2}=\frac{8^2+7^2-5^2}{2}=44\)

+) Ta có: \(AB \bot AC \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB}  \bot \overrightarrow {AC}  \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = 0\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BC}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|.\left| {\overline {BC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {AC} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right)\)

Ta có: \(BC = \sqrt {A{B^2} + A{C^2}}  = \sqrt 2  \Leftrightarrow \sqrt {2A{C^2}}  = \sqrt 2 \)\( \Rightarrow AC = 1\)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BC}  = 1.\sqrt 2 .\cos \left( {45^\circ } \right) = 1\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {BA} .\overrightarrow {BC}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {BA} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {BC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {BA} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = 1.\sqrt 2 .\cos \left( {45^\circ } \right) = 1\)

Tham khảo:

a)  \(\)\(\overrightarrow {BA}  + \overrightarrow {AC}  = \overrightarrow {BC}  \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow {BC} } \right| = BC = a\)

b) Dựng hình bình hành ABDC, giao điểm của hai đường chéo là O ta có:

\(\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AC}  = \overrightarrow {AD} \)

\(AD = 2AO = 2\sqrt {A{B^2} - B{O^2}}  = 2\sqrt {{a^2} - {{\left( {\frac{a}{2}} \right)}^2}}  = a\sqrt 3 \)

\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AC} } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {AD} } \right| = AD = a\sqrt 3 \)

c) \(\overrightarrow {BA}  - \overrightarrow {BC}  = \overrightarrow {BA}  + \overrightarrow {CB}  = \overrightarrow {CB}  + \overrightarrow {BA}  = \overrightarrow {CA} \)

\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow {BA}  - \overrightarrow {BC} } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {CA} } \right| = CA = a\)

\(cosA=\dfrac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2AB.AC}=\dfrac{5}{24}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB.AC.cosA=10a^2\)

1.

\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AB}.\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{AB}.\left(-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)+\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=-AB^2=-25\)

2.

\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{AB}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=-\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}=-AB^2+0=-64\)